fluorescence imaging  (Revvity)

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: M2 macrophage-derived exosomes delivering haptoglobin and interleukin-10 plasmids for synergistic therapy of intracerebral hemorrhage

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of M2-exo@HI. (a) Western blot of Tsg101, CD9, and Calnexin expressions in RAW264.7 and M2-exo. (b) Protein bands of RAW264.7, M2-exo, M2-exo@HI, and HI by SDS-PAGE. (c) Fluorescence microscopy images showing Hp-EGFP and IL-10-mCherry expression in 293T cells infected with lipo2000@pBudCE4.1 , lipo2000@HI, and M2-exo@HI respectively, after 24 h. (d,e) Representative TEM images and size distribution profiles of M2-exo and M2-exo@HI. (f) Particle number of M2-exo and M2-exo@HI by NTA measurement. (g) Zeta potentials of M2-exo and M2-exo@HI (n = 3). (h) Drug release profiles of M2-exo@HI at pH 6.5 and pH 7.4, respectively (n = 3). (i) Stability evaluation of M2-exo@HI in PBS at 4 °C by monitoring particle size over time (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Then mice were anesthetized with 5 % isoflurane and imaged using near-infrared fluorescence in vivo imaging system (IVIS, Caliper Life Sciences, USA) at predetermined time intervals (1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h).

Techniques: Western Blot, SDS Page, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Expressing, Infection

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: M2 macrophage-derived exosomes delivering haptoglobin and interleukin-10 plasmids for synergistic therapy of intracerebral hemorrhage

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of M2-exo targeting, Hp/IL-10 transfection expression, and Hp/Hb binding. (a) Fluorescence imaging showing cellular uptake of ICG and M2-exo@ICG by M1 microglia. (b,c) Flow cytometry and corresponding quantification of RhB and M2-exo@RhB internalized by M1 microglia (n = 3). (d,e) Schematic illustration and quantitative analysis of the in vitro phagocytosis-release kinetics of M2-exo@RhB in BV2 under ICH-mimicking stimulation (n = 6). (f) Fluorescence images showing Hp and IL-10 expression in M1 microglia treated with M2-exo@HI for 12, 24, 48, 72 h. (g) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) quantification of Hp and IL-10 expression (n = 3). (h,i) ELISA measurements of secreted Hp and IL-10 protein levels (n = 3). (j,k) qPCR analysis of relative Hp and IL-10 mRNA expression (n = 3). (l) Western blot detection of Hp and IL-10 protein expression. (m) Densitometric quantification of Hp and IL-10 protein levels from Western blot (n = 3). (n) Co-immunoprecipitation assay confirming the formation of Hp-Hb complex. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired Student's t -test (c and e), and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test (g-k and m).

Article Snippet: Then mice were anesthetized with 5 % isoflurane and imaged using near-infrared fluorescence in vivo imaging system (IVIS, Caliper Life Sciences, USA) at predetermined time intervals (1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Transfection, Expressing, Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Imaging, Flow Cytometry, In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: M2 macrophage-derived exosomes delivering haptoglobin and interleukin-10 plasmids for synergistic therapy of intracerebral hemorrhage

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: M2-exo@HI promotes in vitro microglia polarization, BBB repair and neuroprotection. (a) Flow cytometry analysis of M1-type (CD86 + ) and M2-type microglia (CD163 + ) following treatment with different formulations. (b,c) Percentages of CD86 + and CD163 + microglia populations (n = 3). (d–g) The cytokine levels of IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β in treated microglia (n = 3). (h) Fluorescence microscopy images showing erythrophagocytosis by microglia across treatment groups. (i) Schematic of the in vitro BBB model assessing FITC-dextran permeability using a transwell assay. (j) Quantitative analysis of FITC-dextran penetration (n = 7). (k) Flow cytometry analysis of neuronal apoptosis across treatments (n = 3). (l) Quantitative analysis of neuronal apoptosis (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was tested by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: Then mice were anesthetized with 5 % isoflurane and imaged using near-infrared fluorescence in vivo imaging system (IVIS, Caliper Life Sciences, USA) at predetermined time intervals (1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h).

Techniques: In Vitro, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Permeability, Transwell Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: M2 macrophage-derived exosomes delivering haptoglobin and interleukin-10 plasmids for synergistic therapy of intracerebral hemorrhage

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Targeted delivery and therapeutic gene expression of M2-exo@HI in hemorrhagic brain. (a) In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging showing ICG and M2-exo@ICG in mouse brains at various time points post-injection. (b) Average radiation efficiency of ICG in different treatment groups (n = 3). (c) Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of major organs harvested 24 h post-injection. (d) Average radiation efficiency of ICG in different in mouse tissues (n = 3). (e) Time-dependent accumulation of M2-exo@ICG at hematoma regions. (f) Immunofluorescence staining showing co-localization of Hp/IL-10 with astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells. (g) Temporal expression profiles of Hp and IL-10 in brain tissues. (h,i) ELISA quantification of Hp and IL-10 protein levels in brain homogenates (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired Student's t -test (b,d), and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test (h,i).

Article Snippet: Then mice were anesthetized with 5 % isoflurane and imaged using near-infrared fluorescence in vivo imaging system (IVIS, Caliper Life Sciences, USA) at predetermined time intervals (1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h).

Techniques: Gene Expression, In Vivo, Fluorescence, Imaging, Injection, Ex Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: A bioactive heart-derived ECM hydrogel potentiates Astragaloside IV–mediated microvascular regeneration

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1800990

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo sustained release and cardiac function assessment. (A) Fluorescence images of HdECM, and AS-IV@HdECM (n = 3) injected in intrapericardial cavity (IPC) and (B) quantitative analysis of fluorescence signal. (C) Time-dependent concentration of released AS-IV in the serum of the treatment groups AS-IV and AS-IV@HdECM (n = 3). (D,E) Bar graphs depicting CK-MB and cTnI levels in each group (n = 5). (F) Representative echocardiographic images of different groups at 14 and 28 days post the treatment. Assessment of cardiac function parameters: (G) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), (H) Left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), (I) left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (LVIDs), and (J) left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd) (n = 5). All bar graphs include individual data points.

Article Snippet: On days 1, 3, and 7 post-injection, the retention of the compounds in the pericardial cavity was monitored using a small animal in vivo fluorescence imaging system (PerkinElmer IVIS Spectrum).

Techniques: In Vivo, Fluorescence, Injection, Concentration Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Intelligent nanoliposome ameliorate chronic intermittent hypoxia-mediated neuronal injury via a dual regulation microglial inflammation strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102865

Figure Lengend Snippet: Brain homing ability, sequential targeting capability, and cytotoxicity assessment. (a) Illustration of Ang-Lip@BAY/GW1929 sequentially transported across the BBB, followed by targeting microglia. (b) Schematic of the BBB transwell model. (c) In vitro uptake by BV-2 cells of RhB-labeled Lip@BAY/GW1929 and Ang-Lip@BAY/GW1929 by fluorescent imaging (scale bar = 50 μm). (d, e f, and g) Fluorescent staining of (CD86 (d) and CD206 (f)), and quantification analysis ((e) and (g)) of the different conditions-treated BV-2 cells in an BBB model in vitro . (h) In vivo imaging of Cy5.5-labeled Ang-Lip@BAY/GW1929 in normoxia mice and CIH-induced mice. (i) Quantitative assessment of in vivo fluorescence intensity of brain at different time intervals under the Cy5.5 channel (n = 3). (j, k) In vitro cytotoxicity assay of Lip (j) and Ang-Lip@BAY/GW1929 (k) at different concentrations against BV-2 cells for 24 h. (l) Cytotoxicity of BV-2 cells treated with various samples. (m) CLSM images of BV-2 cells stained with calcein-AM (green, viable) and PI (red, dead) treated with Lip (G1), Lip@BAY (G2), Lip@GW1929 (G3), Lip@BAY/GW1929 (G4), and Ang-Lip@BAY/GW1929 (G5). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: The CIH-bearing mice and normoxia-treated mice (n = 3) were respectively fixed in the mouse tail vein injection holder and injected intravenously with Cy5.5-marked Ang-Lip@BAY/GW1929 (100 μg/mL, 100 μL) using a 1 mL syringe, and then monitored the fluorescence changes in the mouse brain during the specified time period (0.5, 2, 4, and 8 h) using in vivo fluorescence imaging (PerkinElmer IVIS Spectrum in vivo imaging system) after intraperitoneal anesthesia and quantified assessment.

Techniques: In Vitro, Labeling, Imaging, Staining, In Vivo Imaging, In Vivo, Fluorescence, Cytotoxicity Assay